Geometric morphometrics (GM) and finite element analysis (FEA) are increasingly common
techniques for the study of form and function. We show how principles of quantitative …

ABSTRACT The African Plio‐Pleistocene hominins known as australopiths evolved derived
craniodental features frequently interpreted as adaptations for feeding on either hard, or …

Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is a useful method for understanding form and function.
However, modelling of fossil taxa invariably involves assumptions as a result of preservation …

The extinct nonavian dinosaur Tyrannosaurus rex, considered one of the hardest biting
animals ever, is often hypothesized to have exhibited cranial kinesis, or, mobility of cranial …

The evolution of the modern human (Homo sapiens) cranium is characterized by a reduction
in the size of the feeding system, including reductions in the size of the facial skeleton …

The skull is composed of many bones that come together at sutures. These sutures are
important sites of growth, and as growth ceases some become fused while others remain …

Cranial sutures are fibrocellular joints between the skull bones that are progressively
replaced with bone throughout ontogeny, facilitating growth and cranial shape change. This …

Irregular interdigitated morphology is prevalent in biological sutures in nature. Suture
complexity index has long been recognized as the most important morphological parameter …

The human zygomatic structure, consisting of the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic
process of the temporal bone, is an essential part of the masticatory apparatus and has been …

Finite element analysis (FEA) is a modelling technique increasingly used in anatomical
studies investigating skeletal form and function. In the case of the cranium this approach has …