The past decade has witnessed remarkable advances in the simultaneous measurement of
neuronal activity across many brain regions, enabling fundamentally new explorations of the …

The mouse, as a model organism to study the brain, gives us unprecedented experimental
access to the mammalian cerebral cortex. By determining the cortex's cellular composition …

Calcium imaging with genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) is routinely used to
measure neural activity in intact nervous systems. GECIs are frequently used in one of two …

When experts are immersed in a task, do their brains prioritize task-related activity? Most
efforts to understand neural activity during well-learned tasks focus on cognitive …

We developed a miniaturized two-photon microscope (MINI2P) for fast, high-resolution,
multiplane calcium imaging of over 1,000 neurons at a time in freely moving mice. With a …

Modern genetic approaches are powerful in providing access to diverse cell types in the
brain and facilitating the study of their function. Here, we report a large set of driver and …

Advanced imaging methods now allow cell-type-specific recording of neural activity across
the mammalian brain, potentially enabling the exploration of how brain-wide dynamical …

The meta-reinforcement learning (meta-RL) framework, which involves RL over multiple
timescales, has been successful in training deep RL models that generalize to new …

Understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of emotion relies on objective readouts of
the emotional state of an individual, which remains a major challenge especially in animal …

Triggering behavioral adaptation upon the detection of adversity is crucial for survival. The
insular cortex has been suggested to process emotions and homeostatic signals, but how …