or therapeutic medical strategies. However, the ESC Guidelines do not override in any way
whatsoever the individual responsibility of health professionals to make appropriate and …

Health professionals are encouraged to take the ESC/EACTS Guidelines fully into account
when exercising their clinical judgment, as well as in the determination and the …

The recommendations listed in this document are, whenever possible, evidence based. An
extensive review was conducted on literature published through March 1, 2020. Searches …

Aim This executive summary of the valvular heart disease guideline provides
recommendations for clinicians to diagnose and manage valvular heart disease as well as …

Force. The finalized document is approved by the CPG for publication in the European Heart
Journal. The Guidelines were developed after careful consideration of the scientific and …

Background Older patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) are increasingly identified as
having cardiac amyloidosis (CA). It is unknown whether concomitant AS-CA has worse …

The “Guidelines on the Management of Valvular Heart Disease” were initially published as
the “Guidelines on Non-pharmacological Treatment of Valvular Heart Disease” in 2002 …

Abstract Aims This European Association Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) Expert
Consensus document aims at defining the main quantitative information on cardiac structure …

2D (Two-dimensional), 3C (Three-chamber (apical long axis)), 3D (Three-dimensional), 4C
(Four-chamber), 5C (Five-chamber), A2C (Apical two-chamber), A4C (Apical four-chamber) …

Aims Early detection of aortic stenosis (AS) is becoming increasingly important with a better
outcome after aortic valve replacement in asymptomatic severe AS patients and a poor …