Vaccines are the key technology to combat existing and emerging infectious diseases.
However, increasing the potency, quality and durability of the vaccine response remains a …

Germinal centers (GCs) are the site of antibody diversification and affinity maturation and as
such are vitally important for humoral immunity. The study of GC biology has undergone a …

Antibodies elicited by infection accumulate somatic mutations in germinal centers that can
increase affinity for cognate antigens. We analyzed 6 independent groups of clonally related …

A key barrier to the development of vaccines that induce broadly neutralizing antibodies
(bnAbs) against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other viruses of high antigenic …

In response to pathogens, the adaptive immune system generates specific antibodies that
bind and neutralize foreign antigens. Understanding the composition of an individual's …

HIV-1 immunotherapy with a combination of first generation monoclonal antibodies was
largely ineffective in pre-clinical and clinical settings and was therefore abandoned …

HIV prevalence is increasing worldwide because people on antiretroviral therapy are living
longer, although new infections decreased from 3· 3 million in 2002, to 2· 3 million in 2012 …

HIV employs multiple means to evade the humoral immune response, particularly the
elicitation of and recognition by broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). Such antibodies …

The vast majority of currently licensed human vaccines work on the basis of long-term
protective antibody responses. It is now conceivable that an antibody-dependent HIV …

A major goal of HIV-1 vaccine research is the design of immunogens capable of inducing
broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) that bind to the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env) …