The global population is predicted to expand to 9.1 billion by 2050. Countries around the
Mediterranean Sea are predicted to achieve a combined population of 529 million by 2025 …

Highlights•Droplet size and velocity for a fixed spray plate sprinkler were
measured.•Equation developed to predict spray wetted diameter.•The deflection plate type …

Center-pivot sprinkler irrigation became very popular. Hence, aimed at farmers advising, the
simulation model DEPIVOT has been developed with the objective of design new systems or …

Highlights Experiments were conducted to investigate the hydraulic performance of the solid-
set rotating sprinkler. The effects of nozzle shape and working pressure on the droplet …

Highlights•A novel methodology to measure wind drift and evaporation losses is
developed.•5-min average values of the water application efficiency were …

Ballistic simulation of the spray sprinkler for self-propelled irrigation machines requires the
incorporation of the effect of the jet impact with the deflecting plate. The kinetic energy losses …

Along with the economic development in Canada, the shortage of irrigation water has
become a serious concern (Bouwer 1993; Hennessy 1993). In this study, a model of …

The simulation of center-pivot performance has been the subject of research efforts since the
1960s. Center-pivot models frequently use empirical equations relating pressure and …

Both land and water productivities are declining day by day because of depleting
underground water table and unscientific conventional practices used to establish the …

A computer model was developed to simulate the varying depths of water applied to the
ground due to the intermittent movements of a typical center pivot. The stop–go model inputs …