Protozoan parasites have developed elaborate motility systems that facilitate infection and
dissemination. For example, amoebae use actin-rich membrane extensions called …

Toxoplasmosis is one of the highly prevalent zoonotic diseases worldwide caused by the
parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). The infection with T. gondii could pass unidentified …

The phylum Apicomplexa comprises important eukaryotic parasites that invade host tissues
and cells using a unique mechanism of gliding motility. Gliding is powered by actomyosin …

Toxoplasma gondii chronically infects a quarter of the world's population, and its
recrudescence can cause life-threatening disease in immunocompromised individuals and …

TLR4, a transmembrane receptor, plays a central role in the innate immune response. TLR4
not only engages with exogenous ligands at the cellular membrane's surface but also …

The mammalian innate immune system detects the presence of microbial infection through
germ line-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Toll-like receptors, retinoic acid …

Plasmodium species cause malaria by proliferating in human erythrocytes. Invasion of
immunologically privileged erythrocytes provides a relatively protective niche as well as …

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite of global importance. In the laboratory setting, T.
gondii is frequently used as a model pathogen to study mechanisms of T helper 1 (TH1) cell …

Humans and animals use the classical five senses of sight, sound, touch, smell and taste to
monitor their environment. The very survival of feral animals depends on these sensory …

Toxoplasma gondii can infect homoeothermic animals including humans and cause lethal
toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised individuals. When hosts are infected with T. gondii …