Carbonatites: classification, sources, evolution, and emplacement

GM Yaxley, M Anenburg, S Tappe… - Annual Review of …, 2022 - annualreviews.org
Carbonatites are igneous rocks formed in the crust by fractional crystallization of carbonate-
rich parental melts that are mostly mantle derived. They dominantly consist of carbonate …

Carbonatites and alkaline igneous rocks in post-collisional settings: storehouses of rare earth elements

KM Goodenough, EA Deady, CD Beard… - Journal of Earth …, 2021 - Springer
The rare earth elements (REE) are critical raw materials for much of modern technology,
particularly renewable energy infrastructure and electric vehicles that are vital for the energy …

Carbonatites: related ore deposits, resources, footprint, and exploration methods

GJ Simandl, S Paradis - Applied Earth Science, 2018 - journals.sagepub.com
Most carbonatites were emplaced in continental extensional settings and range in age from
Archean to recent. They commonly coexist with alkaline silicate igneous rocks, forming …

Alkaline-silicate REE-HFSE systems

CD Beard, KM Goodenough, AM Borst… - Economic …, 2023 - pubs.geoscienceworld.org
Abstract Development of renewable energy infrastructure requires critical raw materials,
such as the rare earth elements (REEs, including scandium) and niobium, and is driving …

Sources and mobility of carbonate melts beneath cratons, with implications for deep carbon cycling, metasomatism and rift initiation

S Tappe, RL Romer, A Stracke, A Steenfelt… - Earth and Planetary …, 2017 - Elsevier
Kimberlite and carbonatite magmas that intrude cratonic lithosphere are among the deepest
probes of the terrestrial carbon cycle. Their co-existence on thick continental shields is …

The water and fluid-mobile element cycles during serpentinite subduction. A review

M Scambelluri, E Cannaò… - European Journal of …, 2019 - pubs.geoscienceworld.org
The key role of serpentinites in the global cycles of volatiles, halogens and fluid-mobile
elements in oceans and in subduction zones is now ascertained by many studies …

Boron isotopes as a tracer of subduction zone processes

JCM De Hoog, IP Savov - Boron isotopes: The fifth element, 2018 - Springer
This chapter reviews recycling of boron (B) and its isotopes in subduction zones. It discusses
the profound changes in B concentrations and B isotope ratios of various materials involved …

Calcium isotopic evidence for the mantle sources of carbonatites

E Amsellem, F Moynier, H Bertrand, A Bouyon… - Science …, 2020 - science.org
The origin of carbonatites—igneous rocks with more than 50% of carbonate minerals—and
whether they originate from a primary mantle source or from recycling of surface materials …

Kimberlites reveal 2.5-billion-year evolution of a deep, isolated mantle reservoir

J Woodhead, J Hergt, A Giuliani, R Maas, D Phillips… - Nature, 2019 - nature.com
The widely accepted paradigm of Earth's geochemical evolution states that the successive
extraction of melts from the mantle over the past 4.5 billion years formed the continental …

Carbonatite-related REE deposits: An overview

ZY Wang, HR Fan, L Zhou, KF Yang, HD She - Minerals, 2020 - mdpi.com
The rare earth elements (REEs) have unique and diverse properties that make them function
as an “industrial vitamin” and thus, many countries consider them as strategically important …