Defense against herbivores often changes dramatically as plants develop. Hypotheses
based on allocation theory and herbivore selection patterns predict that defense should …

Plant functional strategies change considerably as plants develop, driven by intraindividual
variability in anatomical, morphological, physiological and architectural traits …

What determines the number and size of the seeds produced by a plant? How often should it
reproduce them? How often should a plant produce them? Why and how are seeds …

We consider the role that key structural traits, such as spinescence, pubescence,
sclerophylly and raphides, play in protecting plants from herbivore attack. Despite the …

1. Seedling survival is one of the most critical stages in a plant's life history, and is often
reduced by drought and soil desiccation. It has been hypothesized that root systems …

Three theories of apical dominance, direct, diversion, and indirect, were proposed in the
1930s to explain how auxin synthesized in the shoot apex might inhibit axillary bud …

Plant defence often varies by orders of magnitude as plants develop from the seedling to
juvenile to mature and senescent stages. Ontogenetic trajectories can involve switches …

Successful cost-effective reforestation plantings depend substantially on maximising sapling
survival from the time of planting, yet in reforestation programs remarkably little attention is …

Ecologists have worked to ascribe function to the variation found in plant populations,
communities and ecosystems across environments for at least the past century. The vast …

Abstract Background and Aims The size and composition of seed reserves may reflect the
ecological strategy and evolutionary history of a species and also temporal variation in …