Caves are ecosystems and natural heritage sites with magnificent biological diversity, from
microorganisms to animals, despite their selective environment for development and …

Theories of disease pathogenesis following asbestos exposure have focused on the
participation of iron. After exposure, an open network of negatively charged functional …

Iron Formations (IF) are threatened by mining, particularly the Mesovoid Shallow Substratum
(MSS), an understudied subterranean environment. We evaluate the spatiotemporal …

Over 3000 iron formation caves (IFCs) have formed in erosion-resistant Fe (III)-rich rocks
throughout Brazil. Microbial Fe (III) reduction occurs in IFCs, where a microbe-rich, Fe (III) …

Introduction The microbial-induced restoration of ferruginous crusts (canga), which partially
cover iron deposits and host unique ecosystems, is a promising alternative for reducing the …

Caves host bacterial communities that represent diverse and unique ecosystems, often
isolated from external influences. Diversity among bacterial colonies can vary greatly …

Abstract Over 3,000 iron formation caves (IFCs) have formed in erosion-resistant Fe (III)-rich
rocks throughout Brazil. These rocks include banded iron formation (BIF) and canga …

Banded iron formations (BIFs) are regarded as enigmatic hydrogenous sedimentary rocks
composed of layered iron and silica-rich minerals with total iron (Fe) content greater than 15 …