SUMMARY The Gram-negative bacterium Yersinia pestis is responsible for deadly plague, a
zoonotic disease established in stable foci in the Americas, Africa, and Eurasia. Its …

Paleoproteomics, the study of ancient proteins, is a rapidly growing field at the intersection of
molecular biology, paleontology, archaeology, paleoecology, and history. Paleoproteomics …

The bacterial pathogen Yersinia pestis gave rise to devastating outbreaks throughout
human history, and ancient DNA evidence has shown it afflicted human populations as far …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been infecting humans for millennia and remains a global health
problem, but its past diversity and dispersal routes are largely unknown. We generated HBV …

The Archaeology of Human Bones provides an up to date account of the analysis of human
skeletal remains from archaeological sites, introducing students to the anatomy of bones …

Anyone who wants to understand the biological nature of humans and their special
characteristics must look far back into evolutionary history. Today's way of life is drastically …

Endemic malaria, which claimed 229 million new cases and 409,000 deaths in 2019 mainly
in Africa, was eradicated from Europe by the mid-20th century. Historical descriptions of …

Groundbreaking studies conducted in the mid-1980s demonstrated the possibility of
sequencing ancient DNA (aDNA), which has allowed us to answer fundamental questions …

Smallpox, caused by the variola virus (VARV), was a highly virulent disease with high
mortality rates causing a major threat for global human health until its successful eradication …

Objectives Limited studies have focused on how European contact and colonialism
impacted Native American oral microbiomes, specifically, the diversity of commensal or …