Abstract The Middle-Income Trap (MIT) refers to the situation in which a country's per capita
income can reach middle-class levels but remains there for years, making it difficult to move …

Consider additive nonparametric regression model with two predictor variables components.
In the first predictor component, the regression curve is approached using Spline regression …

The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of Servant Leadership and Business
Transformation on Corporate Competitiveness and Corporate Sustainability. In this …

Multivariable additive nonparametric regression model is a nonparametric regression model
that involves more than one predictor and has additively separable function on each …

A mixed estimator nonparametric regression (MENR) model is an additive model that
involves a combination of two estimators or more in multivariable nonparametric regression …

In this article, we propose a new method in estimating non parametric regression curve. This
method combines the smoothing Spline and Kernel functions. Estimation of the estimator is …

The correlation assumption of the longitudinal data with bi-response occurs on the
measurement between the subjects of observation and the response. It causes the auto …

Longitudinal data modeling is widely carried out using parametric methods. However, when
the parametric model is misspecified, the obtained estimator might be severely biased and …

Linearity assumption that has not been fulfilled in the path analysis should use
nonparametric approach. This research uses smoothing spline nonparametric path analysis …

Nonparametric regression approach is used when the shape of the curve regression is
unknown. The spline estimator approach for longitudinal data can accommodate the …