This review concentrates on the physiological responses, and their control, in freely diving
birds and mammals that enable them to remain submerged and sometimes quite active for …

All mammals and birds must develop effective strategies to cope with reduced oxygen
availability. These animals achieve tolerance to acute and chronic hypoxia by (a) reductions …

The volume of air trapped in the feathers and the body density of 36 species of water bird
were determined by water displacement experiments. Body density was higher and the …

Foraging behavior and physiological adaptations for diving were studied in Thick—billed
Murrer, Uria lomiva, in the field and laboratory. Electronic, light—emitting diode, and …

Birds have two independent locomotor systems: the forelimbs (wings) are used
predominantly for aerial flight, but may be used for underwater propulsion, eg in penguins; …

Breath‐hold diving presents air‐breathing vertebrates with the challenge of maintaining
aerobic respiration while exercising underwater. Adaptive increases in the oxygen (O2) …

Myoglobin is an important oxygen store for supporting aerobic diving in endotherms, yet little
is known about its role during postnatal development. Therefore, we compared the postnatal …

Energetic requirements of under-water swimming in pygoscelid penguins were studied in
Antarctica, using respirometry together with a 21 m long swim canal and externally attached …

To successfully transition from nursing to foraging, phocid seal pups must develop adequate
diving physiology within the limited time between birth and their first independent foraging …

We used electronic time depth recorders to examine diving patterns of Adelie Penguins
(Pygoscelis adeliae) breeding near Palmer Station, Antarctica. Most hunting dives consisted …