The design of new devices and experiments has historically relied on the intuition of human
experts. Now, design inspirations from computers are increasingly augmenting the capability …

The optimized superconducting stellarator device Wendelstein 7-X (with major radius, minor
radius, and plasma volume) restarted operation after the assembly of a graphite heat shield …

The two leading concepts for confining high-temperature fusion plasmas are the tokamak
and the stellarator. Tokamaks are rotationally symmetric and use a large plasma current to …

Time (or clock) synchronization is a large and vital field of research, as synchronization is a
precondition for many applications. A few example applications are distributed data …

This paper presents a review of the experimental achievements related to the development
of high-power gyrotron oscillators for long-pulse or CW operation and pulsed gyrotrons for …

Wendelstein 7-X is the first comprehensively optimized stellarator aiming at good
confinement with plasma parameters relevant to a future stellarator power plant. Plasma …

A significant improvement of plasma parameters in the optimized stellarator W7-X is found
after injections of frozen hydrogen pellets. The ion temperature in the post-pellet phase …

Wendelstein 7-X is a highly optimized stellarator that went into operation in 2015. With a 30
cubic meter volume, a superconducting coil system operating at 2.5 T, and steady-state …

Gyrotron oscillators (gyromonotrons) are mainly used as high power millimeter wave
sources for electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH), electron cyclotron current drive …

For stellarators, which need no or only small amounts of current drive, electron-cyclotron-
resonance heating (ECRH) is a promising heating method even for the envisaged …