Relations between the US and China have deteriorated to their lowest point since their
rapprochement in the 1970s. To make sense of contemporary geopolitics, our objective in …

Background: The Middle Corridor, a transport route from Asia to Europe that also facilitates
major energy projects through the Caspian Sea and its surrounding countries, has gained …

Governments use their countries' economic strength from financial and trade relationships to
achieve geopolitical and economic goals. We provide a model of the sources of …

The debt crises looming in develo** countries are being exacerbated by changing debt
composition. Declining net foreign exchange earnings have worsened their predicament. As …

We investigate the determinants of emerging markets performance during five US Federal
Reserve monetary tightening and easing cycles during 2004–2023. We study how …

Monetary and financial policies that lower the cost of credit for working capital in a currency
outside of its country can provide the impetus for that currency to be used in international …

Infrastructure is at the heart of China's presence in global development and is also central to
larger debates about Chinese influence. This Element provides a comprehensive account of …

How will sovereign debt markets evolve in the twenty-first century? We survey how the
literature has responded to the eurozone debt crisis, placing “lessons learned” in historical …

Hidden debt is endemic throughout the sovereign credit market and poses a serious threat
to global financial stability. Yet, little is known about why governments conceal their liabilities …

This paper shows that China's lending boom to develo** country sovereigns has largely
ended and that debt distress and defaults are increasingly common. Chinese lenders react …