Blue carbon ecosystems (BCEs), including mangrove forests, seagrass meadows and tidal
marshes, store carbon and provide co-benefits such as coastal protection and fisheries …

Intertidal mangrove forests are a dynamic ecosystem experiencing rapid changes in extent
and habitat quality over geological history, today and into the future. Climate and sea level …

ES 6: 3-5 Replace “It is unequivocal that emissions of the well-mixed greenhouse gases
(GHG) carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2 O) from human activities …

The Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector encompasses managed
ecosystems and offers significant mitigation opportunities while delivering food, wood and …

Global mangrove loss has been attributed primarily to human activity. Anthropogenic loss
hotspots across Southeast Asia and around the world have characterized the ecosystem as …

The ocean is a key component of the Earth system (Chapter 1) as it provides essential life
supporting services (Inniss et al. 2017). For example, it stores heat trapped in the …

Freshwater ecosystems provide irreplaceable services for both nature and society. The
quality and quantity of freshwater affect biogeochemical processes and ecological dynamics …

The response of mangroves to high rates of relative sea level rise (RSLR) is poorly
understood. We explore the limits of mangrove vertical accretion to sustained periods of …

Rice paddies account for~ 9% or the world's cropland area and are characterized by
environmental conditions promoting soil organic carbon storage, methane emissions and to …

Fragmentation is a major driver of ecosystem degradation, reducing the capacity of habitats
to provide many important ecosystem services. Mangrove ecosystem services, such as …