Ornaments, weapons and aggressive behaviours may evolve in female animals by mate
choice and intrasexual competition for mating opportunities—the standard forms of sexual …

The hypothesis that ornaments can honestly signal quality only if their expression is
condition-dependent has dominated the study of the evolution and function of colour traits …

Literature Cited to accompany Animal Communication, 2e Page 1 Principles of Animal
Communication, Second Edition Jack W. Bradbury and Sandra L. Vehrencamp Chapter 14 …

Ecology Letters (2011) 14: 625–634 Abstract Condition is a nearly ubiquitous term in the
behavioural, physiological and evolutionary ecology literature; however, existing definitions …

For sexual selection to act on a given sex, there must exist variation in the reproductive
success of that sex as a result of differential access to mates or fertilisations. The …

Many conspicuous ornamental traits in animals are expressed in both males and females.
Despite this, most research has focused on sexually dimorphic ornamentation. Mutual …

All melanin-colored ornaments contain a mixture of the two types of melanin, eumelanin and
pheomelanin. The reflectance spectrum of the ornament is, in part, a function of the ratio of …

The signalling function of melanin‐based colouration is debated. Sexual selection theory
states that ornaments should be costly to produce, maintain, wear or display to signal quality …

A fundamental hypothesis for the evolution and maintenance of ornamental traits is that
ornaments convey information to choosing females about the quality of prospective mates. A …

Although the function of ornamental traits in males has been the focus of intensive research
for decades, expression of such traits in females has received much less study. Eastern …