Neuromodulation is an expanding area of pain medicine that incorporates an array of non-
invasive, minimally invasive, and surgical electrical therapies. In this Series paper, we focus …

Invasive and non-invasive brain stimulation methods are widely used in neuroscience to
establish causal relationships between distinct brain regions and the sensory, cognitive and …

Background Transcranial direct current stimulation has shown promising clinical results,
leading to increased demand for an evidence-based review on its clinical effects. Objective …

BackgroundCognition is commonly affected in brain disorders. Non-invasive brain
stimulation (NIBS) may have procognitive effects, with high tolerability. This meta-analysis …

Given its non-invasive nature, there is increasing interest in the use of transcutaneous vagus
nerve stimulation (tVNS) across basic, translational and clinical research …

In the past three decades, our understanding of brain–behavior relationships has been
significantly shaped by research using non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques …

Transcranial electric stimulation is a non-invasive tool that can influence brain activity;
however, the parameters necessary to affect local circuits in vivo remain to be explored …

A group of European experts was commissioned by the European Chapter of the
International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology to gather knowledge about the state of …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and accounts for
most cases of dementia. The prevalence of AD has increased in the current rapidly aging …

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a popular brain stimulation method that is
used to modulate cortical excitability, producing facilitatory or inhibitory effects upon a variety …