The present paper focuses on the importance of critical raw materials (CRMs) of green
energy technologies especially, wind mill and electric vehicle (EVs) sectors. The …

Increasing concerns over climate change have led to global decarbonisation efforts, in the
form of new legislation, to phase out the sale of internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles …

Regarding the restrictions recently imposed by China on the export of rare-earth elements
(REEs), the world may face a serious challenge in supplying some REEs such as …

Critical metals play a pivotal role in driving the emerging era of renewable technologies,
including wind turbines, solar panels, and water electrolysis. However, their importance has …

Neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnets offer the strongest magnetic field per unit volume,
and thus, are widely used in clean energy applications such as electric vehicle motors …

To alleviate the pressure on the rare earth supply chain, new technologies are under
development for recovering, recycling and remanufacturing NdFeB magnets. In this study …

Ongoing development of electrified road vehicles entails a risk of conflict between resource
issues and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, the environmental …

Abstract Rare Earth Elements (REEs) are one of the most important--albeit critical--
commodities for our green technologies. However, there is a general perception that REEs …

Rare earth elements (REEs) are one of the most important elements used for transformation
of the fossil era into a decarbonized future. REEs are essential for wind, electric and hybrid …

With the advancement of technology and a global shift towards clean energy, the need for
rare earth metals is increasing. Scandium, a rare earth metal, has been extensively used …