Organisms of all domains of life use photoreceptor proteins to sense and respond to light.
The light-sensitivity of photoreceptor proteins arises from bound chromophores such as …

Thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) is attributed to uncoupling of respiration
which is caused by a speci¢ c component located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, the …

The atomic structure of the light-driven ion pump bacteriorhodopsin and the surrounding
lipid matrix was determined by X-ray diffraction of crystals grown in cubic lipid phase. In the …

Much progress has been made in our understanding of water molecule reactions on
surfaces, proton solvation in gas-phase water clusters, and proton transfer through liquids …

Photoisomerization of the retinal of bacteriorhodopsin initiates a cyclic reaction in which a
proton is translocated across the membrane. Studies of this protein promise a better …

Heterogenous nucleation on small molecule crystals causes a monoclinic crystal form of
bacteriorhodopsin (BR) in which trimers of this membrane protein pack differently than in …

The promise of new architectures and more cost-effective miniaturization has prompted
interest in molecular and biomolecular electronics. Bioelectronics offers valuable near-term …

The steps in the mechanism of proton transport in bacteriorhodopsin include examples for
most kinds of proton transfer reactions that might occur in a transmembrane pump: proton …

The transport of protons across membranes is an important process in cellular
bioenergetics. The light-driven proton pump bacteriorhodopsin is the best-characterized …

Retinal proteins from halophilic archaea provide a unique opportunity to analyze vectorial
ion translocation. Studies on its structure, conformational changes, proton conduction and …