There is significant interest in understanding inflammatory responses within the brain and
spinal cord. Inflammatory responses that are centralized within the brain and spinal cord are …

The concept of multiple macrophage activation states is not new. However, extending this
idea to resident tissue macrophages, like microglia, has gained increased interest in recent …

Inflammatory processes and microglia activation accompany most of the pathophysiological
diseases in the central nervous system. It is proven that glial pathology precedes and even …

Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is the most lethal subtype of stroke but currently lacks
effective treatment. Microglia are among the first non-neuronal cells on the scene during the …

As the major cellular component of the innate immune system in the central nervous system
(CNS) and the first line of defense whenever injury or disease occurs, microglia play a …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a major cause of death and disability in developed
countries. Brain injuries are highly heterogeneous and can also trigger other neurological …

Activation of the peripheral immune system elicits a coordinated response from the central
nervous system. Key to this immune to brain communication is that glia, microglia, and …

Microglia have a variety of functions in the brain, including synaptic pruning, CNS repair and
mediating the immune response against peripheral infection. Microglia rapidly become …

Increasing data indicate that inflammation and alterations in glutamate neurotransmission
are two novel pathways to pathophysiology in mood disorders. The primary goal of this …

Innate immune responses, particularly activation of macrophages and microglia, are
increasingly implicated in CNS disorders. It is now appreciated that the heterogeneity of …