The c-fos gene was first described as a proto-oncogene responsible for the induction of
bone tumors. A few decades ago, activation of the protein product c-fos was reported in the …

The physiological functions of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and its pathological roles in
various diseases are increasingly being elucidated. Particularly, a growing body of literature …

The immune system (IS) and the central nervous system (CNS) are functionally coupled, and
a large number of endogenous molecules (ie, the chemokines for the IS and the classic …

O-cyclic phytosphingosine-1-phosphate (cPS1P) is a novel and chemically synthesized
sphingosine metabolite derived from phytosphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). This study was …

Astrocytes have prominent roles in central nervous system (CNS) function and disease, with
subpopulations defined primarily by morphologies and molecular markers often determined …

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent rare tumor cell populations capable of self-renewal,
differentiation, and tumor initiation and are highly resistant to chemotherapy and …

Abstract Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is an important lipid biomolecule that exerts
pleiotropic cellular actions as it binds to and activates its five G-protein-coupled receptors …

Introduction: Neuropathic pain disorders are diverse, and the currently available therapies
are ineffective in the majority of cases. Therefore, there is a major need for gaining novel …

Breast cancer MCF-7 cell-line-derived mammospheres were shown to be enriched in cells
with a CD44+/CD24–surface profile, consistent with breast cancer stem cells (BCSC). These …

Slow-burning inflammation at the lesion rim is connected to the expansion of chronic
multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. However, the underlying processes causing expansion are …