The cerebral cortex plays an important role in human and other animal adaptation to
unpredictable terrain changes, but little was known about the functional network among the …

Mobile brain imaging with high-density electroencephalography (EEG) can provide insight
into the cortical processes involved in complex human walking tasks. While uneven terrain is …

Background Step width is a spatial variable in the frontal plane, defined as the mediolateral
distance between the heel (forefoot during sprinting) of bilateral feet at initial contact …

Laboratory-based studies indicate that a major evolutionary advantage of bipedalism is
enabling humans to walk with relatively low energy expenditure. However, such studies …

Given the higher fall risk and the fatal sequelae of falls on stairs, it is worthwhile to
investigate the mechanism of dynamic balance control in individuals with knee osteoarthritis …

For children with cerebral palsy (CP), walking on uneven surfaces (US) is a challenging task
essential for their engagement in their daily lives. This study aims to compare spatiotemporal …

We developed a method for altering terrain unevenness on a treadmill to study gait
kinematics. Terrain consisted of rigid polyurethane disks (12.7 cm diameter, 1.3–3.8 cm tall) …

Running stably on uneven natural terrain takes skillful control and was critical for human
evolution. Even as runners circumnavigate hazardous obstacles such as steep drops, they …