A brief history of bird flu

SJ Lycett, F Duchatel, P Digard - … Transactions of the …, 2019 - royalsocietypublishing.org
In 1918, a strain of influenza A virus caused a human pandemic resulting in the deaths of 50
million people. A century later, with the advent of sequencing technology and corresponding …

Influenza A virus reassortment

J Steel, AC Lowen - Influenza Pathogenesis and Control-Volume I, 2014 - Springer
Reassortment is the process by which influenza viruses swap gene segments. This genetic
exchange is possible due to the segmented nature of the viral genome and occurs when two …

Intercontinental spread of Asian-origin H5N8 to North America through Beringia by migratory birds

DH Lee, MK Torchetti, K Winker, HS Ip… - Journal of …, 2015 - Am Soc Microbiol
Phylogenetic network analysis and understanding of waterfowl migration patterns suggest
that the Eurasian H5N8 clade 2.3. 4.4 avian influenza virus emerged in late 2013 in China …

assignPOP: An r package for population assignment using genetic, non‐genetic, or integrated data in a machine‐learning framework

KY Chen, EA Marschall, MG Sovic… - Methods in Ecology …, 2018 - Wiley Online Library
The use of biomarkers (eg, genetic, microchemical and morphometric characteristics) to
discriminate among and assign individuals to a population can benefit species conservation …

Reassortant highly pathogenic influenza A H5N2 virus containing gene segments related to Eurasian H5N8 in British Columbia, Canada, 2014

J Pasick, Y Berhane, T Joseph, V Bowes, T Hisanaga… - Scientific reports, 2015 - nature.com
In late November 2014 higher than normal death losses in a meat turkey and chicken broiler
breeder farm in the Fraser Valley of British Columbia initiated a diagnostic investigation that …

Ecology of avian influenza viruses in a changing world

KJ Vandegrift, SH Sokolow, P Daszak… - Annals of the New …, 2010 - Wiley Online Library
Influenza A virus infections result in∼ 500,000 human deaths per year and many more
sublethal infections. Wild birds are recognized as the ancestral host of influenza A viruses …

Potential spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 by wildfowl: dispersal ranges and rates determined from large‐scale satellite telemetry

N Gaidet, J Cappelle, JY Takekawa… - Journal of Applied …, 2010 - Wiley Online Library
Migratory birds are major candidates for long‐distance dispersal of zoonotic pathogens. In
recent years, wildfowl have been suspected of contributing to the rapid geographic spread of …

Animal migrations and parasitism: reciprocal effects within a unified framework

R Poulin, D de Angeli Dutra - Biological Reviews, 2021 - Wiley Online Library
Migrations, ie the recurring, roundtrip movement of animals between distant and distinct
habitats, occur among diverse metazoan taxa. Although traditionally linked to avoidance of …

Wild bird surveillance around outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N8) virus in the Netherlands, 2014, within the context of global flyways

JH Verhagen, HP Van der Jeugd, BA Nolet… - …, 2015 - eurosurveillance.org
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A (H5N8) viruses that emerged in poultry in east
Asia since 2010 spread to Europe and North America by late 2014. Despite detections in …

Nematode parasite diversity in birds: the role of host ecology, life history and migration

TLF Leung, J Koprivnikar - Journal of Animal Ecology, 2016 - Wiley Online Library
Previous studies have found that migratory birds generally have a more diverse array of
pathogens such as parasites, as well as higher intensities of infection. However, it is not …