To study the characteristics of temporal summation (TS) and conditioned pain modulation
(CPM) in fibromyalgia (FM) patients, we systematically searched Pubmed and EMBASE for …

The intensity of acute and chronic pain depends on interactions between peripheral impulse
input and CNS pain mechanisms, including facilitation and inhibition. Whereas tonic pain …

Objective To determine whether abnormalities of peripheral and central nociceptive sensory
input processing exist outside areas of spontaneous pain in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) …

The flexion or flexor reflex (FR) recorded in the lower limbs in humans (LLFR) is a widely
investigated neurophysiological tool. It is a polysynaptic and multisegmental spinal …

To investigate the influence of chronic nociceptive pain on endogenous pain modulation, the
effect of heterotopic noxious conditioning stimulation (HNCS) on perception of various …

Descending controls, comprising pathways that originate in midbrain and brainstem regions
and project onto the spinal cord, have long been recognised as key links in the multiple …

In order to assess the function of endogenous mechanisms modulating somatosensory input
in fibromyalgia (FM), the effect of vibratory stimulation (VS) and heterotopic noxious …

Altered function of endogenous pain modulation has been proposed as a mechanism that
may underlie chronic pain conditions. Descending modulation of pain can be examined by …

Diffuse noxious inhibitory control (DNIC) is part of a central pain modulatory system that
relies on spinal and supraspinal mechanisms. Previous studies have shown that …

The aim of this study was to evaluate the function of pain modulating systems subserving
diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNICs) in primary headaches. DNICs were examined in …