The collective directional movement of animals occurs over both short distances and longer
migrations, and is a critical aspect of feeding, reproduction and the ecology of many species …

Routinely, fish encounter stressors and conditions that require the use of anaerobic
exercise, including esca** predators, capturing prey, and interacting with fisheries …

Recent advances in bio-sensing technologies open for new possibilities to monitor and
safeguard the welfare of fishes in aquaculture. Yet before taken into practice, the …

Global warming is now predicted to exceed 1.5° C by 2033 and 2° C by the end of the 21st
century. This level of warming and the associated environmental variability are already …

Fish migration is essential to maintain healthy aquatic ecosystems, but hydraulic structures
across rivers have impeded natural fish migration worldwide. While efforts have been made …

Salmonids undertake long and strenuous migrations, which require aerobic endurance and
anaerobic burst swimming. Anthropogenic activity and natural disasters can make already …

Many animals moving through fluids exhibit highly coordinated group movement that is
thought to reduce the cost of locomotion. However, direct energetic measurements …

Environmental temperatures differ across latitudes in the temperate zone, with relatively
lower summer and fall temperatures in the north leading to a shorter growing season prior to …

Each year, thousands of fishes are tagged with electronic devices to study their biology and
inform fisheries management. Such research assumes that the process of capturing …

Vertebrate brain function is particularly sensitive to the effects of hypoxia, with even brief
periods of oxygen deprivation causing significant brain damage and impaired cognitive …