Prenatal and early postnatal life represent key periods of immune system development. In
addition to genetics and host biology, environment has a large and irreversible role in the …

Bifidobacterium is a widely distributed commensal bacterial genus that displays beneficial
pro-homeostatic and anti-inflammatory immunomodulatory properties. Depletion or absence …

Tryptophan is catabolized by gut microorganisms resulting in a wide range of metabolites
implicated in both beneficial and adverse host effects. How gut microbial tryptophan …

Background The host–microbiota interaction plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis
and disease susceptibility, and microbial tryptophan metabolites are potent modulators of …

The mechanistic role of the airway microbiome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) remains largely unexplored. We present a landscape of airway microbe–host …

The gut microbiome lies at the intersection between the environment and the host, with the
ability to modify host responses to disease-relevant exposures and stimuli. This is evident in …

Research on newborn immunity has revealed the importance of cell ontogeny, feto-maternal
tolerance, and the transfer of maternal antibodies. Less is known about postnatal adaptation …

The epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has undergone considerable shifts
since its emergence in the Western world over a century ago, especially in the last few …

The mechanisms by which the early-life microbiota protects against environmental factors
that promote childhood obesity remain largely unknown. Using a mouse model in which …

Food is the essential need of human life and has nutrients that support growth and health.
Gastrointestinal tract microbiota involves valuable microorganisms that develop therapeutic …