The growing concern over the dependency on fossil fuel has prompted the cost of energy
supply to the high extent. Widespread application of fossil fuel in transportation and …

Oil palm, currently the world's main vegetable oil crop, is characterised by a large
productivity and a long life span (≥ 25 years). Peak oil yields of 12 t ha− 1 yr− 1 have been …

The mangrove forests of Southeast Asia are highly biodiverse and provide multiple
ecosystem services upon which millions of people depend. Mangroves enhance fisheries …

The carbon balance of peatlands is predicted to shift from a sink to a source this century.
However, peatland ecosystems are still omitted from the main Earth system models that are …

Extensive clearing of Indonesian primary forests results in increased greenhouse gas
emissions and biodiversity loss. However, there is no consensus on the areal extent and …

The net flux of carbon from land use and land cover change (LULCC) is an important term in
the global carbon balance. Here we report a new estimate of annual fluxes from 1850 to …

Many major corporations and countries have made commitments to purchase or produce
only “sustainable” palm oil, a commodity responsible for substantial tropical forest loss …

This literature review identifies the impacts of different renewable energy pathways on
ecosystems and biodiversity, and the implications of these impacts for transitioning to a …

Tropical deforestation continues to be a major driver of biodiversity loss and greenhouse
gas emissions. Remote sensing technology is increasingly used to assess changes in forest …

Oil palm plantations in Indonesia have been linked to substantial deforestation in the 1990s
and 2000s, though recent studies suggest that new plantations are increasingly developed …