Rewards are crucial objects that induce learning, approach behavior, choices, and
emotions. Whereas emotions are difficult to investigate in animals, the learning function is …

The study of decision making spans such varied fields as neuroscience, psychology,
economics, statistics, political science, and computer science. Despite this diversity of …

While most psychotherapies agree that therapeutic work in the'here and now'has the
greatest power to bring about change, few if any books have ever addressed the problem of …

The neural bases of behavior are often discussed in terms of perceptual, cognitive, and
motor stages, defined within an information processing framework that was originally …

Among the rhythms of the brain, oscillations in the beta frequency range (∼ 13–30 Hz) have
been considered the most enigmatic. Traditionally associated with sensorimotor functions …

The cortex is a complex system, characterized by its dynamics and architecture, which
underlie many functions such as action, perception, learning, language, and cognition. Its …

We show that while a primate chooses between two reaching actions, its motor system first
represents both options and later reflects selection between them. When two potential …

Abstract [Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 118 (1) of
Psychological Review (see record 2011-00732-004). The name of the philosopher Charles …

Perceptual decision making is the act of choosing one option or course of action from a set
of alternatives on the basis of available sensory evidence. Thus, when we make such …

A decision is a commitment to a proposition or plan of action based on evidence and the
expected costs and benefits associated with the outcome. Progress in a variety of fields has …