Executive summary Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has the highest incidence of all common
neurological disorders, and poses a substantial public health burden. TBI is increasingly …

Objective Concern exists about possible problems with later-in-life brain health, such as
cognitive impairment, mental health problems and neurological diseases, in former athletes …

Background Exposure to repetitive head impacts (RHI) in American football players can lead
to cognitive impairment and dementia due to neurodegenerative disease, particularly …

This commentary sits within a context of growing cultural concern over brain damage that
occurs in many of the Western world's most popular, profitable and prized sports. After laying …

Studies have demonstrated associations between cumulative concussion and repetitive
head impact exposure (RHI) through contact sports with white matter (WM) alterations later …

Introduction In concussion, clinical and physiological recovery are increasingly recognized
as diverging definitions. This study investigated whether central microglial activation …

This qualitative study examines how former National Football League (NFL) players
retrospectively make sense of concussion risks post-retirement. Semi-structured interviews …

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a unique neurodegenerative tauopathy1
associated with repetitive head impacts (RHIs). 2 By definition, CTE is a neuropathological …

Background The age of first exposure (AFE) to American football participation is a growing
concern for late-life function. Mixed evidence exists surrounding AFE and may be attributed …

Context Understanding former professional football players engagement with health
promoting behaviors (physical exercise, high quality diet, and good sleep hygiene) will be …