Polar sea ice is one of the largest ecosystems on Earth. The liquid brine fraction of the ice
matrix is home to a diverse array of organisms, ranging from tiny archaea to larger fish and …

The recognition of a new family of rhodopsins in marine planktonic bacteria, proton-pum**
proteorhodopsin, expanded the known phylogenetic range, environmental distribution, and …

Many organisms capture or sense sunlight using rhodopsin pigments,, which are integral
membrane proteins that bind retinal chromophores. Rhodopsins comprise two distinct …

Rhodopsins are photoreceptive membrane proteins consisting of a common heptahelical
transmembrane architecture that contains a retinal chromophore. Rhodopsin was first …

Antarctica is arguably the world's most important continent for influencing the Earth's climate
and ocean ecosystem function. The unique physico-chemical properties of the Southern …

Proteorhodopsins are the most abundant retinal based photoreceptors and their
phototrophic function might be relevant in marine ecosystems. Here, we describe their …

Interactions between chemodiverse dissolved organic matter (DOM) and biodiverse
microbes are governed by a myriad of intrinsic and extrinsic factors which are not well …

Microbial rhodopsins are the photoreceptive membrane proteins found in diverse
microorganisms from within Archaea, Eubacteria, and eukaryotes. They have a heptahelical …

The above‐ground surfaces of terrestrial plants, the phyllosphere, comprise the main
interface between the terrestrial biosphere and solar radiation. It is estimated to host up to …

Over the past two decades, with recognition that the ocean's sea-ice cover is neither
insensitive to climate change nor a barrier to light and matter, research in sea-ice …