This review paper summarizes the observations and results of the Mars Express Mission
and its application in the analysis of geological processes and landforms on Mars during the …

The landing site for the Curiosity rover is located at the distal end of the Peace Vallis fan in
Gale Crater. Peace Vallis fan covers 80 km2 and is fed by a 730 km2 catchment, which …

The quantification of lake levels in Gale crater is important to define the hydrologic and
climatic history experienced by the sedimentary deposits found by Curiosity. We propose …

A model for the formation and distribution of sedimentary rocks on Mars is proposed. In this
model (ISEE-Mars), the rate-limiting step is supply of liquid water from seasonal melting of …

Orbital and in situ analyses establish that aerially extensive deposits of evaporitic sulfates,
including gypsum, are present on the surface of Mars. Although comparable gypsiferous …

Hydrated silica detected on the martian surface, from both orbital and in-situ data, is an
indicator of past aqueous conditions. On Earth, several near infrared (NIR) spectral criteria …

Astronauts working on the surface of Mars have the capability to explore efficiently, rapidly,
and flexibly, allowing them to perform a wide range of field investigations. NASA has begun …

Remains of fluvial valleys on Mars reveal the former presence of water on the surface.
However, the source of water and the hydrological setting is not always clear, especially in …

Volcanism has been a dominant process on Mars, along with a pervasive global cryosphere.
Therefore, the interaction between these two is considered likely. Terrestrial glaciovolcanism …

Chaotic terrains are characterized by disruption of preexisting surfaces into irregularly
arranged mountain blocks with a “chaotic” appearance. Several models for chaos formation …