Soil salinization is a major threat to agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions, where water
scarcity and inadequate drainage of irrigated lands severely reduce crop yield. Salt …

Increasing demand for nutritious, safe, and healthy food because of a growing population,
and the pledge to maintain biodiversity and other resources, pose a major challenge to …

The functions of iron, manganese, copper, zinc, nickel, molybdenum, boron, and chlorine in
plants are discussed. Iron (Fe) plays a crucial role in redox systems in cells and various …

Chloride (Cl−) has traditionally been considered a micronutrient largely excluded by plants
due to its ubiquity and abundance in nature, its antagonism with nitrate (NO3−), and its …

Soil salinity is one of the major environmental stresses faced by the plants. Sodium chloride
is the most important salt responsible for inducing salt stress by disrupting the osmotic …

Chloride (Cl−) is an essential plant nutrient but under saline conditions it can accumulate to
toxic levels in leaves; limiting this accumulation improves the salt tolerance of some crops …

High concentrations of sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl−), calcium (Ca2+), and sulphate (SO42−)
are frequently found in saline soils. Crop plants cannot successfully develop and produce …

High-stress resistance and yield are major goals in crop cultivation, which can be addressed
by modifying plant architecture. Significant progress has been made in recent years to …

Abstract Soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., has been grown as a forage and as an important
protein and oil crop for thousands of years. Domestication, breeding improvements and …

Salinity is among the major abiotic stresses negatively affecting the growth and productivity
of crop plants. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-an external nitric oxide (NO) donor-has been …