Global immature and low-maturity shale resources are enormous and have a significant
potential for future energy substitution. However, the utilization of these resources faces …

With the gradual depletion of oil resources, it is urgent to vigorously develop unconventional
and renewable energy sources. As an unconventional resource with abundant resources …

This paper corroborates the capability of supercritical water to generate active hydrogen that
interact with the different fractions involved in unconventional feedstocks such as oil shale …

An innovative method combining CaCl 2 with subcritical water is proposed for in-situ mining
of oil shale. The catalytic hydrothermal pyrolysis of block Huadian oil shale was carried out …

The only method currently used for producing oil from oil shale is high temperature retorting,
which is wasteful of energy and gives oil with a high content of heavy oil. The novel method …

Unconventional oil resources (oil shale, oil sands, extra heavy oil, and natural bitumen) and
residues (atmospheric and vacuum residua) can exploit hot compressed water (HCW: T> …

This research investigates the use of supercritical water (SCW) with solvents to enhance the
conversion of oil shale (in core and powder form) in synthetic oil at temperatures of 380, 400 …

The combination of subcritical water and catalyst was proposed for oil shale extraction. The
extraction of Huadian oil shale in FeCl 2 solution was performed at 350° C to evaluate the …

In-situ conversion is essential for the development of oil shale resources. Reservoir
blockage has been confirmed to be a technological bottleneck via laboratory-scale …

There is continuing interest in in situ production of oil from oil shale, particularly for deep
deposits and for environmental reasons. Such production would involve long-time, low …