The'silent epidemic'of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been placed in the spotlight as a result
of clinical investigations and popular press coverage of athletes and veterans with single or …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and disability, with a
considerable socioeconomic burden. Heterogeneity of pathoanatomical subtypes and …

Complex genetic and physiological variations as well as environmental factors that drive
emergence of chromosomal instability, development of unscheduled cell death, skewed …

Trauma can affect any individual at any location and at any time over a lifespan. The
disruption of macrobarriers and microbarriers induces instant activation of innate immunity …

Astrocytes sense changes in neural activity and extracellular space composition. In
response, they exert homeostatic mechanisms critical for maintaining neural circuit function …

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are clinically grouped by severity: mild, moderate and severe.
Mild TBI (the least severe form) is synonymous with concussion and is typically caused by …

Cerebral edema (CE) and resultant intracranial hypertension are associated with
unfavorable prognosis in traumatic brain injury (TBI). CE is a leading cause of in-hospital …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a heterogeneous disorder that involves brain damage due to
external forces. TBI is the main factor of death and morbidity in young males with a high …

Neuroinflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) is an important subject of
neuroimmunological research. Emerging evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is a key …

Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) favors a persistent pro-inflammatory macrophages/
microglia-mediated response with only a transient appearance of anti-inflammatory …