Crosstalk between gut and brain has long been appreciated in health and disease, and the
gut microbiota is a key player in communication between these two distant organs. Yet, the …

Futile cycles are biological phenomena where two opposing biochemical reactions run
simultaneously, resulting in a net energy loss without appreciable productivity. Such a state …

BACKGROUND Microbial interactions have shaped plant diversity in terrestrial ecosystems.
By forming mutually beneficial symbioses, microbes helped plants colonize land more than …

In the healthy state, the fat stored in our body isn't just inert. Rather, it is dynamically
mobilized to maintain an adequate concentration of fatty acids (FAs) in our bloodstream. Our …

Biological nitrogen fixation by Rhizobium-legume symbioses represents an environmentally
friendly and inexpensive alternative to the use of chemical nitrogen fertilizers in legume …

Legumes are ecologically and economically important plants that contribute to nutrient
cycling and agricultural sustainability, features tied to their intimate symbiosis with nitrogen …

Niches are spaces for the biological units of selection, from cells to complex communities. In
a broad sense,“species” are biological units of individuation. Niches do not exist without …

Legumes are high in protein and form a valuable part of human diets due to their interaction
with symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria known as rhizobia. Plants house rhizobia in …

Microbes inhabiting the above-and belowground tissues of forest trees and soils play a
critical role in the response of forest ecosystems to global climate change. However …

While the importance of mutualisms across the tree of life is recognized, it is not understood
why some organisms evolve high levels of dependence on mutualistic partnerships, while …