Recent findings call for the critical overview of some incorrectly used plant cell and tissue
culture terminology such as dedifferentiation, callus, totipotency, and somatic …

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a means by which plants can regenerate bipolar structures
from a somatic cell. During the process of cell differentiation, the explant responds to …

Plant somatic embryogenesis refers to a phenomenon where embryos develop from somatic
cells in the absence of fertilization. Previous studies have revealed that the phytohormone …

Programmed cell death (PCD) is a collective term for diverse processes causing an actively
induced, tightly controlled cellular suicide. PCD has a multitude of functions in the …

Efficient transformation of numerous important crops remains a challenge, due
predominantly to our inability to stimulate growth of transgenic cells capable of producing …

Somatic embryogenesis is a morphogenetic event where somatic cells have the ability to
produce embryos without gamete fusion. It is used as a technique for plant mass …

Programmed cell death (PCD) is a fundamental process of life. During the evolution of
multicellular organisms, the actively controlled demise of cells has been recruited to fulfil a …

Transcription factors (TFs) are diverse groups of regulatory proteins. Through their specific
binding domains, TFs bind to their target genes and regulate their expression, therefore TFs …

Bioreactors are engineered systems capable of supporting a biologically active situation for
conducting aerobic or anaerobic biochemical processes. Stability, operational ease …

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is widely used for studying the mechanisms of embryo
development. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms, especially in …