The folding of many newly synthesized proteins in the cell depends on a set of conserved
proteins known as molecular chaperones. These prevent the formation of misfolded protein …

An essential cellular machinery that has been identified and studied only relatively recently
is a collective of specialized proteins, molecular chaperones, that bind nonnative states of …

In the cell, as in vitro, the final conformation of a protein is determined by its amino-acid
sequence. But whereas some isolated proteins can be denatured and refolded in vitro in the …

Environmental conditions that change temperature, light environment, water status, or
hormone balance lead to altered gene expression in plants. At the molecular level, one of …

Prions cause transmissible and genetic neurodegenerative diseases, including scrapie and
bovine spongiform encephalopathy of animals and Creutzfeldt-Jakob and Gerstmann …

Chaperonins assist protein folding with the consumption of ATP. They exist as multi-subunit
protein assemblies comprising rings of subunits stacked back to back. In Escherichia coli …

ALL cellular organisms respond to vibration, touch, gravity or changes in osmolarity,
although the molecules on which such mechanosensations depend are unknown …

The crystal structure of Escherichia coli GroEL shows a porous cylinder of 14 subunits made
of two nearly 7-fold rotationally symmetrical rings stacked back-to-back with dyad symmetry …

Ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) mediates the fixation of
atmospheric CO2 in photosynthesis by catalyzing the carboxylation of the 5-carbon sugar …

Cold Spring Harbor was the scene of the first international heat shock meeting, held in 1982
on the 20th anniversary year of Ferruccio Ritossa's discovery of the heat shock response …