Abstract Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a member of the PARP enzyme family
consisting of PARP-1 and several recently identified novel poly (ADP-ribosylating) enzymes …

Although sulfur mustard (SM) has been used as a chemical warfare agent since the early
twentieth century, it has reemerged in the past decade as a major threat around the world …

The first edition of this book, Chemical Warfare Agents: Toxicity at Low Levels, was
published just prior to the terrorist attacks of September 11th, 2001. Reflecting a greater …

Despite many years of research into chemical warfare agents, cytotoxic mechanisms
induced by mustards are not well understood. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS …

Sulfur mustard (SM) is a blistering chemical warfare agent that was used during the World
War I and in the Iraq–Iran conflict. The aim of this paper is to discuss and critically review the …

Cutaneous exposure to sulfur mustard (bis (2‐chloroethyl) sulfide, HD), a chemical warfare
agent, produces a delayed inflammatory skin response and severe tissue injury. Despite …

Assessment of anti‐inflammatory therapies against sulfur‐mustard (bis (2‐chloroethyl)
sulfide, HD)‐induced skin injury has mainly relied on qualitative histopathological …

An in vivo sulfur mustard (HD) vapor exposure model followed by bronchoalveolar lavage
was developed previously in this laboratory to study biochemical indicators of HD‐induced …

Mustard agents are potent DNA alkylating agents with mutagenic, cytotoxic and vesicant
properties. They include bi-functional agents, such as sulfur mustard (SM) or nitrogen …

Objective: Sulfur mustard (SM) is a potent alkylating agent that can induce severe cutaneous
injury. Though much is known regarding the gross pathology of SM injury, the molecular and …