Internal variability in the climate system confounds assessment of human-induced climate
change and imposes irreducible limits on the accuracy of climate change projections …

Climate change may both exacerbate the vulnerabilities and open up new opportunities for
farming in the Northeastern USA. Among the opportunities are double-crop** and new …

Despite a global footprint of shifts in flowering phenology in response to climate change, the
reproductive consequences of these shifts are poorly understood. Furthermore, it is …

While the Midwestern USA ranks among the world's most important corn-soybean
production regions, the area also produces a variety of high-value specialty crops. These …

The vernal window, or the winter-to-spring transition, is a key period for seasonally snow-
covered, forested ecosystems. The events that open and close the vernal window shape the …

Climate change is altering the timing and duration of the vernal window, a period that marks
the end of winter and the start of the growing season when rapid transitions in ecosystem …

Abstract Changes in apple phenology associated with climate change have attracted
extensive attention. However, it is poorly known whether the phenological dynamics …

Recent climate warming is reflected in the advanced onset of spring phenological phases of
fruit trees and in so-called false springs. This then manifests as an increased risk of trees …

Temperate forests are shaped by late spring freezes after budburst–false springs–which
may shift with climate change. Research to date has generated conflicting results, potentially …

The spring indices, models that represent the onset of spring season biological activity, were
developed using a long-term observational record from the mid-to-late twentieth century of …