Recent advances in the design and implementation of wearable resistive, capacitive, and
optical strain sensors are summarized herein. Wearable and stretchable strain sensors have …

Confluences act as critical nodes in a river system. They affect hydrodynamics, sediment
transport, bed morphology, and eco-hydraulics of the river system. Convergence of streams …

Fish in schooling formations navigate complex flow fields replete with mechanical energy in
the vortex wakes of their companions. Their schooling behavior has been associated with …

Fishes moving through turbulent flows or in formation are regularly exposed to vortices.
Although animals living in fluid environments commonly capture energy from vortices …

Fishes suspended in water are subject to the complex nature of three-dimensional flows.
Often, these flows are the result of abiotic and biotic sources that alter otherwise uniform …

For animals, being a member of a group provides various advantages, such as reduced
vulnerability to predators, increased foraging opportunities and reduced energetic costs of …

What mechanisms of flow control do animals use to enhance hydrodynamic performance?
Animals are capable of manipulating flow around the body and appendages both passively …

Classifications of fish swimming are reviewed as a prelude to discussing functional design
and performance in an ecological context. Webb (1984a, 1998) classified fishes based on …

Research on fish locomotion has expanded greatly in recent years as new approaches have
been brought to bear on a classical field of study. Detailed analyses of patterns of body and …

▪ Abstract “What force does an insect wing generate?” Finding answers to this enduring
question is an essential step toward our understanding of interactions of moving objects with …