Microsporidia are obligate intracellular pathogens identified∼ 150 years ago as the cause
of pébrine, an economically important infection in silkworms. There are about 220 genera …

For over 100 years, endosymbiotic theories have figured in thoughts about the differences
between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. More than 20 different versions of endosymbiotic …

This article provides an outline of the classification of the kingdom Fungi (including fossil
fungi. ie dispersed spores, mycelia, sporophores, mycorrhizas). We treat 19 phyla of fungi …

Microsporidia are obligate intracellular pathogens related to Fungi. These organisms have a
unique invasion organelle, the polar tube, which upon appropriate environmental …

Major insights into the phylogenetic distribution, biochemistry, and evolutionary significance
of organelles involved in ATP synthesis (energy metabolism) in eukaryotes that thrive in …

Viewed through the lens of the genome it contains, the mitochondrion is of unquestioned
bacterial ancestry, originating from within the bacterial phylum α-Proteobacteria …

Intensification of food production has the potential to drive increased disease prevalence in
food plants and animals. Microsporidia are diversely distributed, opportunistic, and density …

Fungi grow within their food, externally digesting it and absorbing nutrients across a
semirigid chitinous cell wall. Members of the new phylum Cryptomycota were proposed to …

All life is organized as cells. Physical compartmentation from the environment and self–
organization of self–contained redox reactions are the most conserved attributes of living …

Mitochondrial gene content is highly variable across extant eukaryotes. The number of
mitochondrial protein genes varies from 3 to 67, while tRNA gene content varies from 0 to …