Abstract l-Tryptophan (Trp) metabolism through the kynurenine pathway (KP) is involved in
the regulation of immunity, neuronal function and intestinal homeostasis. Imbalances in Trp …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease triggered by environmental factors that act
on a genetically susceptible host. It features three clinical stages: a pre-clinical stage …

Cytokines provide cells with the ability to communicate with one another and orchestrate
complex multicellular behaviour. There is an emerging understanding of the role that …

The kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan metabolism has emerged in recent years as a
key regulator of the production of both neuroprotective (eg kynurenic and picolinic acid, and …

Various pathologies of the central nervous system (CNS) are accompanied by alterations in
tryptophan metabolism. The main metabolic route of tryptophan degradation is the …

Tryptophan is an essential amino acid, which is not only a building block for protein
synthesis, but also a precursor for the biosynthesis of co-enzymes and neuromodulators …

The kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolizes the essential amino acid tryptophan and
generates a number of neuroactive metabolites collectively called the kynurenines …

This paper reviews the body of evidence that not only tryptophan and consequent 5-HT
depletion, but also induction of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) and the detrimental …

Purpose: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive adult brain tumor with a poor
prognosis. One hallmark of GBM is the accumulation of immunosuppressive and tumor …

Although elevated activity of the tryptophan-degrading enzyme indoleamine 2, 3-
dioxygenase (IDO) has been proposed to mediate comorbid depression in inflammatory …