Osteocytes, the most abundant and long-lived cells in bone, are the master regulators of
bone remodeling. In addition to their functions in endocrine regulation and calcium and …

Immunology, already a discipline in its own right, has become a major part of many different
medical fields. However, its relationship to orthopedics and trauma surgery has …

Bone is a mineralized and elastic connective tissue that provides fundamental functions in
the human body, including mechanical support to the muscles and joints, protection of vital …

Bone is composed of dense and solid cortical bone and honeycomb-like trabecular bone.
Although cortical bone provides the majority of mechanical strength for a bone, there are few …

Osteoarthritis (OA) can be defined as the result of pathological processes of various
etiologies leading to damage to the articular structures. Although the mechanism of …

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a potentially severe, debilitating
condition affecting patients with cancer and patients with osteoporosis who have been …

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is inflammatory arthritis predominantly affecting the spine, which
is involved in the disorders of both immune and skeletal systems. The exact pathogenesis of …

Abstract Purpose of Review The purpose of this article is to review the current understanding
of inflammatory processes on bone, including direct impacts of inflammatory factors on bone …

The study of the immunoskeletal interface has led to the discovery of numerous cytokines
involved in the regulation of bone remodeling, providing valuable information on the …

Autologous bone grafts are commonly used as the gold standard to repair and regenerate
diseased bones. However, they are strongly associated with postoperative complications …