Structured light refers to the arbitrarily tailoring of optical fields in all their degrees of freedom
(DoFs), from spatial to temporal. Although orbital angular momentum (OAM) is perhaps the …

The COVID-19 pandemic has disordered the educational process across the globe, as
schools suddenly had to provide their teaching in an online environment. One question that …

Providing connectivity to around half of the world population living in rural or underprivileged
areas is a tremendous challenge, but, at the same time, a unique opportunity. Access to the …

Structured light is routinely used in free-space optical communication channels, both
classical and quantum, where information is encoded in the spatial structure of the mode for …

With the ever-increasing demand for data and the radio frequency spectrum becoming
congested, free space optics (FSO) may find a niche for situations where fiber is too …

Optical communication is an integral part of the modern economy, having all but replaced
electronic communication systems. Future growth in bandwidth appears to be on the horizon …

Carbon emission transfer in FDI undermines develo** countries' emission reduction
targets. This study utilized a firm heterogeneity strategy to illuminate the impact of domestic …

Quantum mechanics is now a mature topic dating back more than a century. During its
scientific development, it fostered many technological advances that now are integrated into …

Even a cursory review of the research literature over the past two decades will reveal many
e-learning implementation challenges facing sub-Saharan Africa Higher Education …

The integration of technology into educational systems has brought about changes in the
style of teaching and learning. Nowadays, educational institutions are adopting technologies …