The past decades witnessed the golden era of hadron physics. Many excited open heavy
flavor mesons and baryons have been observed since 2017. We shall provide an updated …

Quantum Chromodynamics, the theory of quarks and gluons, whose interactions can be
described by a local SU (3) gauge symmetry with charges called “color quantum numbers” …

There are two mass generating mechanisms in the standard model of particle physics (SM).
One is related to the Higgs boson and fairly well understood. The other is embedded in …

1 Executive summary The purpose of this document is to outline the develo** scientific
case for pursuing an energy upgrade to 22 GeV of the Continuous Electron Beam …

We summarize the ongoing scientific program of the 12 GeV Continuous Electron Beam
Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) and give an outlook into future opportunities. The program …

Visible matter is characterised by a single mass scale; namely, the proton mass. The
proton's existence and structure are supposed to be described by quantum chromodynamics …

This handbook provides a comprehensive review of transverse-momentum-dependent
parton distribution functions and fragmentation functions, commonly referred to as …

We give a review of the calculations of the masses of tetraquarks with two and four heavy
quarks in the framework of the relativistic quark model based on the quasipotential approach …

According to the classification of the quark model, the hadrons going beyond three-quark
baryon and quark-antiquark meson pictures are called exotic hadrons. Many new hadrons …

The Lagrangian that defines quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the strong interaction piece
of the Standard Model, appears very simple. Nevertheless, it is responsible for an …