Curiosity is a basic element of our cognition, but its biological function, mechanisms, and
neural underpinning remain poorly understood. It is nonetheless a motivator for learning …

According to the dual systems perspective, risk taking peaks during adolescence because
activation of an early-maturing socioemotional-incentive processing system amplifies …

This study aims to examine and explain the effect of product quality, brand image, brand
trust on customer satisfaction, and loyalty of Samsung brand smartphones in Denpasar. The …

Although cells in many brain regions respond to reward, the cortical-basal ganglia circuit is
at the heart of the reward system. The key structures in this network are the anterior …

To better understand the reward circuitry in human brain, we conducted activation likelihood
estimation (ALE) and parametric voxel-based meta-analyses (PVM) on 142 neuroimaging …

Many organisms, especially humans, are characterized by their capacity for intentional, goal-
directed actions. However, similar behaviours often proceed automatically, as habitual …

To what extent do we learn from the positive versus negative outcomes of our decisions?
The neuromodulator dopamine plays a key role in these reinforcement learning processes …

Objective: Major depressive disorder is characterized by impaired reward processing,
possibly due to dysfunction in the basal ganglia. However, few neuroimaging studies of …

Curiosity has been described as a desire for learning and knowledge, but its underlying
mechanisms are not well understood. We scanned subjects with functional magnetic …

Instrumental conditioning studies how animals and humans choose actions appropriate to
the affective structure of an environment. According to recent reinforcement learning models …