The current study provides a thorough content analysis of use of force studies published in
peer-reviewed journals between 1995 and 2008. The most commonly used explanatory …

We conducted a narrative review of existing literature to identify the knowledge, skills, and
abilities (KSAs) necessary for officers who police in democratic societies to successfully …

Objective Police use-of-force continues to be a major source of international concern,
inviting interest from academics and practitioners alike. Whether justified or unnecessary …

Introduction drew, a working-class black man in his early thirties, is no stranger to the legal
system. 1 When we met in fall 2018, he told me that he had been arrested numerous times in …

The use of body-worn cameras (BWCs) by the police is rising. One proposed effect of BWCs
is reducing complaints against police, which assumes that BWCs reduce officer …

There is tension between the core tenets of procedural justice and those of order
maintenance policing. Research has shown that citizens' perceptions of procedural justice …

This study analyzes 131 police–citizen interactions observed during Fall 2016 and coded
through systematic social observation. We assessed how often officers use de-escalation …

Research Summary By drawing from psychology and economics, we present an
experimental evaluation of a procedural justice training program designed to “slow down” …

The Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) program was first developed to reduce violence in
encounters between the police and people with mental illness as well as provide improved …

In this paper, we examine use-of-force incidents as neighborhood processes to understand
how rates and levels of use-of-force vary across New York City. We suggest that there are …