Cytochromes P450 (CYP) are a major source of variability in drug pharmacokinetics and
response. Of 57 putatively functional human CYPs only about a dozen enzymes, belonging …

Bile acids are cholesterol-derived surfactants that circulate actively between the liver and
ileum and that are classically recognized for emulsifying dietary lipids to facilitate absorption …

Traditional Chinese medicine commands a unique position among all traditional medicines
because of its 5000 years of history. Our own interest in natural products from traditional …

To commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Society of Toxicology, this special edition
article reviews the history and current scope of xenobiotic metabolism and transport, with …

The evolution of insect resistance to pesticides poses a continuing threat to agriculture and
human health. While much is known about the proximate molecular and biochemical …

Drug transporters are recognized as key players in the processes of drug absorption,
distribution, metabolism, and elimination. The localization of uptake and efflux transporters …

Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) belongs to the minor drug metabolizing P450s in human
liver. Expression is highly variable both between individuals and within individuals, owing to …

As a promiscuous xenobiotic sensor, pregnane X receptor (PXR) plays a crucial role in drug
metabolism. Since dietary phytochemicals exhibit the potential to modulate human PXR, this …

Erratic or unpredictable response to drugs remains a challenge of modern drug therapy. An
important determinant of such interindividual differences in drug response is variability in the …

We have established the expression patterns of the genes encoding ATP‐binding cassette
(ABC) transporters and cytochromes P450 (CYPs) at the adult human blood–brain barrier …