The state of chromatin (the packaging of DNA in eukaryotes) has long been recognized to
have major effects on levels of gene expression, and numerous chromatin-altering …

In eukaryotic cells, gene transcription is regulated by sequence-specific DNA-binding
transcription factors that recognize promoter and enhancer elements near the transcriptional …

The Tat proteins of HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) are essential for
activating viral transcription. In addition, Tat stimulates nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling …

Tat, the transactivator protein of human immunodeficiency virus-1, has the unusual capacity
of being internalized by cells when present in the extracellular milieu. This property can be …

The N uclear F actor I (NFI) family of site-specific DNA-binding proteins (also known as CTF
or C AAT box t ranscription f actor) functions both in viral DNA replication and in the …

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) inhibits HIV-1 replication, but the virus persists in latently
infected resting memory CD4+ T cells susceptible to viral reactivation. The virus-encoded …

Human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1) 1 is the etiological agent for the acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV-1 is a retrovirus that encodes a small nuclear …

In recent years, vast amounts of data on the mechanisms of neural de-and regeneration
have accumulated. However, only in disproportionally few cases has this led to efficient …

Transcriptionally latent forms of replication-competent proviruses, present primarily in a
small subset of memory CD4+ T cells, pose the primary barrier to a cure for HIV-1 infection …

The Tat protein from HIV-1, when fused with heterologous proteins or peptides, can traverse
cell membranes. This ability has generated great interest due to potential therapeutic …