Originating in the equatorial Pacific, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has highly
consequential global impacts, motivating the need to understand its responses to …

Abstract El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) sea surface temperature (SST) variability
increased after 1960, influenced by more frequent strong El Niño and La Niña events …

Abstract The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant and most consequential
climate variation on Earth, and is characterized by warming of equatorial Pacific sea surface …

There exists a range of subsystems in the climate system exhibiting threshold behaviour
which could be triggered under global warming within this century resulting in severe …

The year 2015 was special for climate scientists, particularly for the El Niño Southern
Oscillation (ENSO) research community, as a major El Niño finally materialized after a long …

Abstract The El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant climate phenomenon
affecting extreme weather conditions worldwide. Its response to greenhouse warming has …

Abstract The El Niño/Southern Oscillation is Earth's most prominent source of interannual
climate variability, alternating irregularly between El Niño and La Niña, and resulting in …

There has been much attention given to the spatial and temporal characteristics of changes
in mean and extreme rainfall over Australia during the past century. As Australia is the …

ENSO events display large interevent differences in amplitude, spatial pattern, and temporal
evolution. The differences in spatial pattern, which have important consequences for ENSO …

Future changes in the seasonal evolution of the El Niño—Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
during its onset and decay phases have received little attention by the research community …